Oscar Wilde's only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray created an uproar in Victorian England due to its elements of homoeroticism and its unconventional morality. Dorian Gray is the subject of a full-length painting by Basil Hallward. Through Basil, Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton, whose view is that beauty and sensual fulfilment are the only things worth pursuing in life. Enthralled by this idea, Dorian sells his soul to ensure that the picture, and not he, will age and fade. The wish granted, Dorian pursues a libertine life of varied and amoral experiences while his portrait ages recording every sin. The Picture of Dorian Gray is a classic example of 19th century Gothic fiction with strong themes interpreted from Faust.
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Oscar Wilde (1854–1900) was born in Dublin. He won scholarships to both Trinity College, Dublin, and Magdalen College, Oxford. In 1875, he began publishing poetry in literary magazines, and in 1878, he won the coveted Newdigate Prize for English poetry. He had a reputation as a flamboyant wit and man-about-town. After his marriage to Constance Lloyd in 1884, he tried to establish himself as a writer, but with little initial success. However, his three volumes of short fiction, The Happy Prince, Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime, and A House of Pomegranates, together with his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, gradually won him a reputation as a modern writer with an original talent. That reputation was confirmed and enhanced by the phenomenal success of his society comedies: Lady Windermere’s Fan, A Woman of No Importance, An Ideal Husband, and The Importance of Being Earnest, all performed on London’s West End stage between 1892 and 1895. In 1895, he was convicted of engaging in homosexual acts, which were then illegal, and sentenced to two years imprisonment with hard labor. He soon declared bankruptcy, and his property was auctioned off. In 1896, he lost legal custody of his children. When his mother died that same year, his wife Constance visited him at the jail to bring him the news. It was the last time they saw each other. In the years after his release, his health deteriorated. In November 1900, he died in Paris at the age of forty-six.