The Allegory of the Cave appears in Plato’s Republic and compares the effect of education and the lack of it on human nature. It is written as a dialogue between Plato's brother and Socrates, who tells of people that have been chained to the wall of a cave their whole lives. They see shadows projected on the wall from objects passing in front of a fire behind them. Socrates explains that the philosopher is like a prisoner who has escaped the cave and realizes that the shadows on the wall are not the true reality at all.
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Plato (circa 423–347 BC) was a philosopher in ancient Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Plato, together along with his teacher, Socrates, and his most famous student, Aristotle, laid the foundations of Western philosophy and science. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially philosophy of the Western tradition.