El Romancero gitano es una obra poética de Federico García Lorca, publicada en 1928. Está compuesta por dieciocho romances con temas como la noche, la muerte, el cielo, la luna. Todos los poemas tienen algo en común, tratan de la cultura gitana. La obra refleja las penas de un pueblo que vive al margen de la sociedad y que se siente perseguido por los representantes de la autoridad, y por su lucha contra esa autoridad. Sin embargo, el propio García Lorca señala que su interés se centra no en describir una situación concreta, sino en el choque que se da una y otra vez entre fuerzas encontradas: en un poema que describe la pugna entre la Guardia Civil y los gitanos, llamando a estos bandos respectivamente "romanos" y "cartagineses", para dar a entender esa permanencia del conflicto.
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Federico García Lorca (1898–1936)was born in Fuente Vaqueros, a few miles outside Granada in the province of Andalusia, southern Spain. From an early age he was fascinated by Spain’s mixed heritage, adapting its ancient folk songs, ballads, lullabies, and flamenco music into poems and plays. By the age of thirty, he had published five books of poems, culminating in 1928 with Gypsy Ballads, which brought him far-reaching fame. In 1929/30 he studied in New York City, where he wrote the poems?among his most socially engaging and compelling?that were to be published posthumously (and famously) as Poet in New York. Upon returning to Spain, he devoted much of his attention to theater. In 1936, at the outset of the Spanish Civil War, he was shot to death by anti-Republican rebels in Franco’s army, and his books were banned and destroyed.